Explore two villas built over a thousand years apart in this sleepy county town outside of Rome.
Nineteen miles (30 km) north-east of Rome is the hilltop town of Tivoli, Italy. Even back in Ancient Roman days Tivoli was a popular place to escape the heat (and probably smell) of the summer of the capitol city as it is today. The whole of Lazio (the region around Rome) was surrounded with farms and countryside villas for rich landowners to escape to. That didn’t change over the millennia. Even during the Middle Ages and into the Renaissance, popes, dukes and cardinals built fine villas and even a castle here. Tivoli was a place to be for over a thousand years. The city still brings crowds from Rome today, although for a different reason, not exactly to escape the heat, but to see its wonders.
Tivoli is a place you can spend a day and not see everything, especially in winter when it gets dark early. Somethings are also closed in winter. So, I focused on two main attractions with my visit, Hadrian’s Villa and Villa d’Este.
Hadrian’s Villa is actually located a bit outside of Tivoli in Villa Adriana. However, it is easily reachable by bus from Tivoli or Rome. (Much easily in the summer months than in the winter. More direct routes.) Hadrian’s Villa was built for, you guessed it, the Ancient Roman Emperor Hadrian (famous for that giant wall in England) as a country retreat from Rome. Construction started around 125 CE and Hadrian moved in around 128. He made the villa is main residence, preferring it over his palace in Rome.
The villa was occasionally used by several emperors after him, such as Antonius Pius (138-161), Marcus Aurelius (161-180), Caracalla (211-217) and a few others. The villa fell out of use in the 4th century and was robbed for building material. The statues disappeared overtime to be used for lime. The remaining statues became art in local homes in the 16th century, later to be spread throughout museums around Europe.
Hadrian’s Villa is absolutely huge. I got lost a few times and I lost my traveling companion at least once. I didn’t see it all because we had another destination. You seriously can spend all day here.
That’s it for Hadrian’s Villa. We grabbed a bus and headed to Tivoli proper and grabbed a late lunch of pizza-by-the-slice (proper Italian fast food). Next stop, Villa d’Este.
Villa d’Este is a splendid 16th century villa in the middle of Tivoli, with an Italian Renaissance garden so wonderful that it is a UNESCO world heritage site. The villa is the brainchild of Cardinal Ippolito II d’Este (1509-1572). As the governor of Tivoli, he was given the official residence located in a former convent. It wasn’t big enough for the cardinal’s staff, but it did offer a fantastic view of the countryside. Therefore, a new villa and terraced garden was born (after robbing a lot of the marble from nearby Hadrian’s Villa, including some of the sculptures).
Subsequent owners of the villa changed the gardens a bit. Trees were planted. Ancient sculptures were sold off to cover debts. The villa and gardens finally were passed into the hands of the Italian state in 1922 and the site was opened as a museum.
I only showed maybe a third of the fountains in the gardens. Just soooo many. Now let’s move inside to the villa. You enter the villa through the upper floors, and then descend to the lower floors to reach the garden. It’s the lower floors that were the entertainment rooms of the home.
The villa has a few more fountains and a few more outlandishly painted rooms on this floor. The top floor is much more subdued with simple decorations. The garden closes early in winter and we spent much of our visit there. The visit to the villa was a bit of a rush, but it was open much later, but by then we were exhausted and ready to rush to the train station to catch the next train. Tivoli has more gardens to offer, but not everything is open in winter so do your research before visiting! But Hadrian’s Villa and Villa d’Este are always open year-round!
Check out this short video on what Hadrian’s villa may have looked like in its prime. It features a few things I showed here and some I didn’t get a chance to see because the villa is HUGE!
Also check out the Digital Hadrian’s Villa Project. It helped me with this post tremendously.
Check out my next update where I will explore the Tuscan city of Siena!
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